Cervical Cancer Vaccine Professor Ian Frazer and Dr Jian Zhou Essay Example

Professor Ian Frazer and Dr Jian Zhou developed the world’s first vaccine against cervical cancer.

Professor Ian Frazer is a Clinician Scientist; he trained to be a Clinical Immunologist and renal physician in Scotland. He is a professor at the University of Queensland, where he is the leading a group of people at the TRI in Brisbane, Australia researching on the Immunobiology of epithelial cancers.

Dr Jian Zhou was a Chinese Virologist and Cancer researcher, with Professor Ian Frazer invented Gardasil and Cervarix, the vaccines for stimulating human immunologic resistance to the cervical cancer inducing human papilloma virus.                  

Professor Ian Frazer was born into a smart family, as his parents were both medical scientists. He had this in his blood and was interested to science from a young age. Professor Frazer went to a private school Robert Gordon’s College. He decided to pursue his drama in medicine. Where he completed and graduated with his Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, at the University of Edinburgh in 1974. After graduating he worked in Edinburgh Eastern General Hospital, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and Roodlands General Hospital in Haddington.

Dr Jian Zhou was accepted into Wenzhou Medical College in 1977 to study Medical and graduated in 1982. Dr Zhou also went to Zhejiang Medical University, where he pursued his research in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and earned his master’s degree. Then he went to Henan Medical University (which is now known as Medical school of Zhengzhou University) which he graduated with his M.D. (Doctor of Medicine).     Dr Zhou worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Beijing Medical University, then moving to the University of Cambridge in 1988 to carry on with his research in cancer and virus.

Dr Zhou met Professor Ian Frazer at the University of Cambridge in 1989. The two of them considered the problem of developing a vaccine for HPV – a virus that cannot be cultured without living tissue. 

Professor Frazer talked Dr Zhou to join him at the University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia, where both of them worked together to develop a vaccine against cervical cancer for women.

The science concepts that they used in their research on the developing the vaccine begin more than 25 years ago in the early days of the AIDS epidemic. Many of his patients were given anogenital lesions caused by HPV.  While in Germany, Dr Harald Zur Hausenwas was researching in HPV-associated cancer, discovered that a link between the HPV virus and cervical cancer.  Professor Frazer made contact with Dr Zur Hausen and this started Professor Frazer interest in HPV and cancer. Viruses are microscopic Dependent usually a lot of smaller than bacteria. They lack the capability to increase and reflect

 outside of a number body.

Next few years, Professor Frazer’s work was focused on how the HPV virus worked in cells. His search took him to the University of Cambridge, where he met Dr. Jian Zhou, a Chinese scientist with similar interests. They both explored the notion of engineering a non-infectious synthetic HPV virus to protect against HPV-associated cancer. “It’s the genetic material inside the virus that causes all the trouble,” Professor Frazer explains. “We realized that if we could manufacture the harmless outside shell of the virus, we would have the basis for a vaccine to prevent cervical cancer. 

Cancer is an illness during which cells within the body grow out of control. Cancer is usually named for a part of the body wherever it starts, although it spreads to different body elements later. once cancer starts in the cervix, it's called cervical cancer. The cervix consociates the vagina (birth canal) to the higher part of the uterus. The uterus (or womb) is where a baby grows when a lady is pregnant.

All girls are in danger for cervical cancer. It happens most frequently in women over age 30. lasting infection with certain types of humans’ papillomavirus is the most reason behind cervical cancer. HPV may be a common virus that's passed from one person to a different throughout sex. a minimum of half sexually active individuals can have HPV at some purpose in their lives, however few women will get cervical cancer.

Screening tests will accommodate notice cervical cancer and malignant tutor cells that will sooner or later transform cervical cancer. Most tips recommend starting screening for cervical cancer and precancerous changes at age 21.

pap test. During a Pap test, your physician scrapes and brushes cells out of your cervix, which can be then tested in a lab for irregularity. 

HPV DNA check. The HPV DNA check complicate checking out cells confident from the cervix for disease with any of the kinds of HPV which can be maximum in all likelihood to cause cervical cancer. 

Most early-stage cervical cancers are treated with a hysterectomy operation, that involves removing the cervix, womb, a part of the canal and near humour nodes. A hysterectomy can cure early-stage cervical cancer and stop recurrence. however, removing the uterus makes it not possible to become pregnant.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) could be a bunch of viruses that are remarkably common worldwide. There are quite one hundred varieties of HPV, of that a minimum of fourteen are cancer-causing (also referred to as high-risk type). 

HPV is especially translating through sexual contact and the general public are infected with HPV shortly when the onset of sexual activity. Cervical cancer is caused by sexually captured infection with bound styles of HPV. There is additionally Confirmation evidence linking HPV with cancers of the anus, vulva, vagina, erectile organ and oropharynx.